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J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. wholesale nba jerseys china D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.43 cm. Large, green bird, dark green to paler green on the underparts with diagnostic (within its range) orange crest. In flight, shows bright crimson wing patches. Juvenile a duller version of adult. Voice Typical kow kow kow of green turacos but higher pitched and more rapid delivery. Song readily distinguished from Green Turaco T. persa by spacing between first note and rest of song. Hints Very secretive and difficult to see but has loud, distinctive call which can be heard for up to 1 km in hilly areas. It is only likely to survive if the Kilum Ijim forest, the largest remaining montane forest area in the Bamenda Highlands, is preserved (D. Thomas in litt. 1996). Research in 1994 1995 found the species in several remaining forest remnants in the Bamenda Highlands and seemingly able to survive in very small forest fragments (2) (McKay and Coulthard 1996). However, follow up surveys in 2000 found some of these forest fragments had almost completely disappeared, with T. bannermani either absent or with only a few pairs remaining (Njabo and Languy 2000). It can survive in degraded and secondary forest as long as sufficient tall, fruiting trees remain (Stuart 1986). At lower altitudes, it is replaced by its congener, the Green Turaco T. persa, which is found in more open forest or scrub (McKay 1994, McKay and Coulthard 1996). Following changes cheap jerseys to a major long term conservation project in 2004, it is reported that the threats of habitat loss and degradation at Kilum Ijim have increased (P. Forboseh in litt. 2007, R. Fotso in litt. 2007, Stewart 2009). Forest fires are responsible for the greatest proportion of habitat loss (P. Forboseh in litt. cheap nfl jerseys 2003), for example c.500 ha of forest burnt around Lake Oku in March 2000 (J. DeMarco in litt. 2000). It is also under serious threat from forest clearance for agriculture, grazing, firewood and timber, with birds surviving in forest fragments in imminent danger of extinction (McKay and Coulthard 1996), particularly due to their reluctance to cross open habitats (Njabo and Languy 2000). The species is hunted for its feathers, which are given as awards in local ceremonies (K. Stewart in litt. 2012).
Conservation Actions UnderwayCITES Appendix II. Local communities are actively engaged in conserving montane forest, with support from the Kilum Ijim Forest Project. However, there is now reportedly a lack of adequate conservation action taking place at Kilum Ijim, despite the presence of many forest management institutions around the forest (P. Forboseh in litt. 2007). Community based conservation activities were extended to other forest fragments in the Bamenda Highlands in 2000 (J. DeMarco in litt. 2000, P. Forboseh cheap nhl jerseys china in litt. 2003). Conservation Actions ProposedStudy ecological constraints to its survival including seasonal food requirements, size of forest patches, tolerance of habitat degradation (Forboseh and Ikfuingei 2001) and competition with T. persa (Dowsett Lemaire and Dowsett 1998c, J. DeMarco in litt. 2000). Conduct surveys to improve knowledge about the species’s population size. Take measures to prevent forest fires (F. Maisels in litt. 1998) and educate communities about the magnitude of the forest fire problem (F. Maisels in litt. 1998). Protect as many as possible of the remaining forest fragments in the Bamenda Highlands (J. DeMarco in litt. 2000). Develop strategies for restoring larger blocks of natural forest and connecting corridors (J. DeMarco in litt. 2000) and establish captive breeding populations to assist in the recolonization of areas and the supplementation of existing populations.
Related state of the world’s birds case studies
Feathers have always been used by humans as decoration and status symbols
Community management of forest on Mount Oku, Cameroon, has led to significant habitat regenerationCollar, N. J.; Butchart, S. H. M. 2013. Conservation breeding and avian diversity: chances and challenges. International Zoo Yearbook.
Collar, N. J.; Stuart, S. N. 1985. Threatened birds of Africa and related islands: the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book.
Dowsett Lemaire, F.; Dowsett, R. J. 1998. Surveys of Oku Mt and other IBAs in NW Province (Cameroon), February March 1998.
Forboseh, P. F.; Ikfuingei, R. N. 2001. Estimating the population densities of Tauraco bannermani in the Kilum Ijim forest, northwestern Cameroon. Ostrich Supplement(15): 114 118.
McKay, C. R. 1994. Survey of Important Bird Areas for Bannerman’s Turaco Tauraco bannermani and Banded Wattle eye Platysteira latincincta in North west Cameroon, 1994.
McKay, C. R.; Coulthard, N. 1996. The Kilum Ijim Forests IBA in Cameroon: monitoring biodiversity using birds as indicators.
Njabo, Y. K.; Languy, M. 2000. Surveys of selected montane and submontane forests in the Bamenda Highlands in March 2000.
Stewart, K. 2009. Effects of bark harvest and other human activity on populations of the African cherry (Prunus africana) on Mount Oku, Cameroon. Forest and Management 258: 1121″1128.Articles Connexes：